Special methods

Special methods have leading and trailing double underscores (e.g. __str__)
Here are some operations defined by special methods: 
len(a)            # a.__len__()
c = a*b           # c = a.__mul__(b)
a = a+b           # a = a.__add__(b)
a += c            # a.__iadd__(c)
d = a[3]          # d = a.__getitem__(3)
a[3] = 0          # a.__setitem__(3, 0)
f = a(1.2, True)  # f = a.__call__(1.2, True)
if a:             # if a.__len__()>0: or if a.__nonzero():

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